The Vale Natural Reserve is one of Brazil's largest areas of protected Atlantic Forest. It has 23 hectares and was founded in 1955 by acquiring various small private properties. In 2008, the UNESCO granted the title Biosphere Reserve of the Atlantic Forest, because of its importance for the conservation of fauna and flora. Since the start of its operations, the reserve has cataloged thousands of plant and animal species, with birds representing about 20% Brazil's overall bird species, a prime destination for birdwatching. Another highlight are the big cat species. It is the home of Espírito Santo's last wild jaguars, which are being studied by the Feline Project, an initiative that plays an important role in the conservation of jaguars.